Amazon Web Services has developed and deployed a custom in-house closed-loop liquid cooling platform — the IRHX system — specifically engineered to prevent increases in data center water consumption as AI workloads scale. The closed-loop design recirculates engineered cooling fluid continuously without evaporative loss, meaning new liquid cooling capacity adds zero incremental water draw. In parallel, AWS is executing a recycled water program targeting 120+ U.S. facilities by 2030, projected to save more than 530 million gallons of freshwater annually. By year-end 2024, AWS was 53% of the way toward its water positive commitment — returning more water to communities than it uses. These are the most precisely documented water engineering commitments of any hyperscale operator globally.
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Vantage Data Centers Closed-Loop Chilled Water Systems
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Oracle AI Data Centers Zero Water Consumption Through Closed-Loop Cooling Engineering
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